Somaliland, a self-declared independent region in the Horn of Africa, has been proactively enhancing its maritime security to assert sovereignty, attract international recognition, and contribute to regional stability. Despite lacking formal recognition, Somaliland has implemented a multifaceted approach to secure its coastline along the Gulf of Aden, a critical maritime corridor.
Central to these efforts is the Somaliland Coastal Guard (SCG), established in 1995 to combat piracy, smuggling, and transnational threats. The SCG has evolved into a pivotal institution, safeguarding maritime interests and deterring illicit activities in the region. Complementing this is the Maritime Security Coordination Office, which represents Somaliland in regional maritime security programs and focuses on capacity building and marine resource management.
In a strategic move, Somaliland signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Ethiopia in January 2024, granting Ethiopia access to a 12-mile stretch of coastline for 50 years to establish a naval base. In return, Ethiopia agreed to share military and intelligence information, enhancing security cooperation. This agreement aims to bolster maritime security in the Gulf of Aden, counter piracy, and address threats from militant groups.
However, this deal has intensified regional tensions, particularly with Somalia, which views Somaliland as part of its territory. Somalia has expressed strong opposition, perceiving the agreement as a violation of its sovereignty. The situation underscores the complex geopolitical dynamics in the Horn of Africa, where maritime security initiatives intersect with broader issues of territorial integrity and international recognition.
Somaliland’s inclusive approach to maritime security, engaging global powers such as the UAE, USA, China, and Russia, reflects its strategic vision for stability and development. The United Arab Emirates, in particular, has emerged as a key partner. Through its investments in infrastructure—most notably in the development of the Port of Berbera—and its support for training and equipping local security forces, the UAE has significantly contributed to strengthening Somaliland’s maritime capacity. This collaboration illustrates the UAE’s broader commitment to regional peace and prosperity, especially in securing vital trade routes through the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.
While challenges persist, including regional disputes and the quest for international recognition, Somaliland’s concerted efforts in maritime security demonstrate its commitment to sovereignty and regional stability. Through strategic partnerships, particularly with proactive and development-oriented nations like the UAE, and continued institutional development, Somaliland continues to navigate the complex waters of geopolitics and security in the Horn of Africa.
https://africalix.com/somalilands-bold-new-maritime-security-strategy/