Preamble
Somaliland’s remarkable progress over the past 30 years—emerging from civil war to establishing a stable democratic state—stands out among many nations. Despite notable achievements in governance and economic stability, the quest for international recognition remains a significant challenge. This challenge is driven by a mix of internal and external factors, including misunderstandings of global diplomatic dynamics and ineffective communication of Somaliland’s successes. This article highlights the need for a strategic shift in Somaliland’s approach to international relations, emphasizing the importance of aligning with global interests, refining diplomatic strategies, and embracing innovation.
Introduction
Somaliland’s progress over the past 30 years is nothing short of remarkable, especially when compared to many recognized nations in Africa and Asia. After emerging from the devastation of a brutal civil war with Somalia from 1988 to 1991, Somaliland has established a functioning democratic state characterized by peaceful transitions of power, a robust civil society, and a relatively stable economy. According to the World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators, Somaliland consistently outperforms many sovereign states in key areas such as government effectiveness, rule of law, democracy, and control of corruption. Furthermore, Somaliland has implemented Public Financial Management (PFM) with World Bank support. Despite these achievements, international recognition remains elusive. Somaliland was legally recognized in 1960, later formed an unratified union with Somalia, and reclaimed its independence in 1991. This situation reflects not only global indifference but also significant shortcomings in Somaliland’s diplomatic strategy and communication. At times, Somaliland’s pursuit of global legitimacy has been undermined by its own actions.
The Somaliland National Electoral Commission (SNEC) has introduced the IRIS-BVVS biometric system, described by Harvard University as one of the few in the world capable of identifying voters through iris recognition. This system is expected to be utilized in the upcoming Somaliland elections.
The challenges surrounding Somaliland’s lack of international recognition are not solely due to a shortage of achievements. They also arise from a fundamental misunderstanding of how global interests shape foreign policy, insufficient showcasing of Somaliland’s accomplishments, and excessive micromanagement across government institutions. This micromanagement often results in conflicts between ministers and directors general. Despite Somaliland’s progress in establishing a stable and democratic state, its efforts to gain international recognition have been hindered by ineffective communication of its successes and strategic importance. Moreover, micromanagement has led to inefficiencies and fragmented international outreach. A senior EU diplomat in 2018 identified pervasive micromanagement within all government institutions as a significant barrier to progress. To overcome these challenges, Somaliland must enhance the strategic presentation of its achievements and better align its diplomatic efforts with the broader interests of key global players.
Somaliland’s politics and culture are deeply intertwined with a prevailing mindset that anticipates favorable outcomes without substantial effort. This cultural inclination often leads to the expectation that international recognition should be effortlessly granted, as if it should come on a silver platter. Such expectations can be counterproductive, as global diplomacy requires more than just achievements; it demands strategic engagement, effective communication, and a proactive approach to building alliances. Additionally, the belief that challenges will eventually lead to improvement, encapsulated in the Somaliland adage, “When it gets harder, Somaliland gets better,” is a fallacy.
To overcome these challenges, Somaliland must adopt a more dynamic and strategic stance in its international efforts. This involves not only showcasing its achievements more effectively but also actively engaging with global players to align its interests with theirs. By embracing a proactive and strategic approach, Somaliland can better navigate international relations and enhance its prospects of achieving recognition.
Missteps in Diplomacy: Understanding the Global Arena
Somaliland’s quest for international recognition has been hindered by two primary factors: a fundamental misunderstanding of global affairs and a lack of experienced diplomats without nationalist biases. Often, Somaliland’s governance has been seen as an extension of internal power struggles, where some opposition figures and officials view the state apparatus as a means for personal enrichment rather than national service. This internal focus has occasionally undermined stability, as some may see their turn in power as an opportunity for personal gain. This distraction has detracted from engaging with the international community based on mutual interests and strategic partnerships.
In the international arena, relationships are shaped by national interests and strategic calculations, not moral imperatives. Recognizing this reality is crucial. Somaliland’s diplomatic efforts have frequently fallen short due to a lack of coherent vision aligned with potential allies’ strategic interests. Diplomatic outreach has often been reactive, unfocused, and lacking in clear objectives. Compounding this issue is the recurring appointment of inexperienced individuals to critical positions, leading to a cycle of inefficiency and missed opportunities.
Personal Perspective: Lessons from the Past
My engagement in Somaliland’s affairs spans over two decades, providing me with a deep understanding of its diplomatic and governance challenges. In 2016, during talks in Addis Ababa between Somaliland and Khatumo, I was honored by Mahamoud Hashi and Ambassador Awil with an offer to serve as State Minister for Foreign Affairs. Although I declined for personal reasons, my commitment to Somaliland remains steadfast. It is evident that Somaliland’s quest for international recognition is not solely hindered by external factors. At times, Somaliland has been its own greatest obstacle.
The challenges Somaliland faces are not insurmountable. They require a shift in mindset and a more strategic approach to international relations.
Successful diplomacy involves aligning interests with those of potential allies, adopting a sophisticated approach rooted in an understanding of the global power structure, and demonstrating how Somaliland’s stability, security, and economic potential align with other states’ interests.
Strategic Thinking: The Key to Navigating Global Realities
Navigating geopolitics, geo-strategy, and geoeconomics requires skill and foresight. It is about understanding the intricate interplay of power, influence, and interests shaping the global order. Somaliland must position itself as a valuable partner in the international community, emphasizing its strategic location, commitment to peace, and potential as a gateway for trade and investment in the Horn of Africa.
Experienced mentors and advisors play a critical role in guiding national strategy. Their expertise is invaluable in crafting pragmatic and visionary policies capable of advancing Somaliland’s interests in a competitive international environment. Cultivating a cadre of professionals who understand international diplomacy is essential for Somaliland’s long-term success.
Embracing Innovation: Building a Future-Ready Somaliland
Furthermore, the government must embrace diverse perspectives and innovative ideas. In a rapidly evolving world, rigid adherence to traditional thinking can hinder progress. By embracing new ideas and alternative approaches, Somaliland can develop resilient and adaptive policies suited to 21st-century challenges. Innovation should extend beyond economic policies to how Somaliland presents itself to the world, leveraging technology and modern communication strategies to advocate for its recognition.
For Somaliland to secure its place on the global stage, it must combine strategic decision-making with seasoned leadership and a willingness to innovate. By aligning national interests with potential allies, enhancing diplomatic efforts with experienced expertise, and embracing innovation, Somaliland can strengthen its international standing, build lasting partnerships, and achieve sustainable economic growth. These principles are not just foundational to effective governance; they are keys to Somaliland’s long-overdue recognition as a sovereign state.
Conclusion: A Call to Action
Somaliland’s journey toward international recognition is not merely a diplomatic challenge; it is a test of its ability to navigate a rapidly changing world. The achievements of the past 30 years testify to the resilience and determination of the Somaliland people. Now, Somaliland must take the next step—transforming its governance, refining its diplomatic strategies, and boldly advocating for its rightful place among the community of nations. The path to recognition will not be easy, but with a clear vision, strategic thinking, and unwavering commitment, Somaliland can and will achieve its goal.
Author: Hussein M. Al-Ishaqi
Senior Political Analysts and Adviser SL-SAG